What is the relationship between drama and theatre education and Assignment

What is the relationship between drama and theatre education and creative learning - Assignment Example fficulty facing scholars constitute the ability to distinguish between drama and theatre and establishment of the relationship between drama and theatre education as tools for creative learning. This research paper aims at establishing a clear distinction between theatre and drama in addition to establishing a relationship between drama/theatre and creative learning. The paper will achieve this by discussing the critical aspects of creative learning, relationship between drama and theatre education and creative learning, how creative drama enhance creativity in learning, and importance of drama in assessments, and theories of drama and theatre in creative learning. Creative learning is enhanced through the level of creativity possessed by the learner. Winston (2010) defines creative learning as imaginative activities fashioned with the aim of producing outcomes characterized by originality and value. In creativity, the learner has to portray originality and value in the end result of the learning process. Fleming (2011) outlines the basic features of creativity; these are use of imagination, pursuing purposes, being original and judging value. In Jo Trowsdale’s session, for example, the class was introduced to a range of creative people who shared a variety of characteristics. These personalities included Aristotle, Vivien Westwood, and Martin Luther King; from them it was evident that creativity is not just about arts and not always related to a product, but it could be a change of mind/heart. Any creativity process lacking any of the aforementioned features is considered null since it lacks the main components of creativity. Creativity involves playing with new ideas and trying out possibilities from such ideas. For example, the Myth of Icarius revealed three different period of painting. Flying too high using the wings would take Icarius too close to the sun and melt while flying too low would take him close to the sea and drown. This implies that Icarius

Information Use Essay Example for Free

Information Use Essay In today’s business environment information is the most important asset a business has, this information helps to support, maintain, develop and track its daily activities. The next logical step is implementing a system that is conducive and geared towards this goal. With the help of its information system, and its information technology department, managers, sales people, the operations department and others with access to this information have a handy tool to help them do their work on a daily basis. The structure of the information system is paramount on how accessible this information is to the people that depend upon it to complete their normal workday. The managers and IT department work closely together to agree upon and decide on an information system that will be feasible to the business itself, thus setting up a system that will be beneficial to the business itself. In my previous workplace, this was a real estate company that focused on short sales and loan modifications. Our information was provided by the homeowner, this information consisted of their mortgage statement, bank records, hardship letters describing why they needed the short sales or the loan modification, and a list of their debt-income ratio and any foreclosure information. The database we worked on was a system called Salesforce; this system enabled us to keep track of the calls we had to make and document all details of that call. It contained all of the information we needed to accomplish this task, it held clients pertinent data, the banks that we dealt with and a method to track the goals we had to accomplish each week. This system was also an ERM (electronic records management database) we had the ability to scan and upload pertinent client information such as three months of bank statements, paystubs, and hardship letters, foreclosure notices and current mortgage statements. It was very user friendly and had the ability to be modified towards the needs of the company using it. That being said management asked us to make suggestions on what additions we saw or felt that would help make our jobs easy and more efficient. The short sale team made several suggestions to add to Salesforce, thereby making it more specified for our daily tasks. The short sale team was not the only ones using Salesforce, our sales team that generated the leads or clients were the first line of defense; they had to enter the client’s information into Salesforce and scan all the documents related to a homeowner’s situation. The sales team was also responsible for contacting the homeowners to send updated and current documents pertinent to their short sales or loan modifications. In essence Salesforce was also used as a data management system, it had the ability to store all data, generate sales reports, processing, integrating, distributing, securing, and archiving data effectively for current and future use. Accessing Salesforce was readily available if we were out of the office as well, we had the capability to log in and view reports, or if a new client was added, and if we needed information to set up an appraisal that was requested by the bank before the short sale was approved. This ability was very handy for the real estate agent and the processor handling the account, the ability to access the main database with all pertinent information about the client away from the office was an excellent tool that Salesforce offered. Maintenance of Salesforce was managed by our small IT staff, any problems with the system was corrected or fixed very quickly, as the licenses held by Salesforce enabled the IT staff to manage the database as an in-house system, therefore they did not have to contact anyone with any issues. At the same time the permissions on Salesforce were very strict, a person’s user id and password only allowed access to certain parts, the short sales team could not modify or change anything, especially any client information or access the sales departments input and vice versa. This made sense, because there was very important information on the database, the client’s financial data and mortgage information, very sensitive information. In essence, the database that the company used in my opinion was user friendly and seemed to address the needs of the business, in this case a real estate office that held important and sensitive financial data, credit reports and mortgage information. The system enabled us to handle the flow of information and daily activities easy, made access to running reports quickly and efficiently. Further, management was able to view and track completion of daily tasks and weekly goals to generate reports quickly.

Out the Window :: Creative Writing Examples

Out the Window Albert watched through the window of his fourth floor apartment as she unloaded the groceries from the back of her Oldsmobile. He sighed, and walked away from the window to water the plant he had named after her. If he hurried, he could make his way down to the mailbox while she was on her way into the building, as he thought about doing every Wednesday when she did her grocery shopping, but the thought of speaking to her made him nauseous and his knees quivered uncontrollably. Tonight was going to be the night, he told himself. He was going to ask her to dinner. He would just walk up the stairs and ring her doorbell, and bring her daisies. Just before eight o’clock, because he knew she would be home. She was always home for the latest episode of Murder, She Wrote, as he knew because he could hear the theme song blaring through his paper-thin ceiling, every Wednesday at eight o’clock. He ironed his khakis in an attempt to look just perfect for the occasion, and ran a comb through the non-existing hair on his head. He could hear her walking up the stairs, and Albert imagined her popping popcorn for her favorite television show, and washing up from a long day at the coffee shop. He had never actually been inside the coffee shop, but instead watched her work from outside the large window. He watched all the other customers inside – construction workers on lunch breaks, businessmen sitting alone with the New York Times, and the ladies who play Bridge and flaunt their new manicures – all sipping cappuccinos that she had poured, and devouring French Toast that she had gracefully carried to the table. Tonight was his chance to speak to her like the men who drink her coffee, only this would be different. After all, he had even picked her daisies. He trembled just thinking about it, and thought diligently about how he should introduce himself. He walked into his bedroom to search through his closet for the perfect shirt to wear when eight o’clock approached. As the sun begin to set, Albert could hear Frank Sinatra playing from her apartment above and attempted to calm his nerves by staring out the window as the stars appeared in the sky.

J. R. R. Tolkien Essay -- essays research papers

Three Rings for the Elven-Kings under the sky, Seven for the dwarf lords in their halls of stone, Nine for mortal men doomed to die, One for the Dark Lord in his dark throne. In the Land or Mordor where the shadow lies. One Ring to rule them all, One ring to find them, One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them. In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie†¦ (J.R.R. Tolkien, Rings)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These are the most famous recognized lines in The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkiens’ masterpiece. Strong, tall men, fun party loving hobbits, pointy eared elves, short, plump dwarves and slimy, icky, putrid orcs are just a few of the races in Lord of the Rings. (J.R.R. Tolkien, Rings)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is only a small sample of the information that J.R.R. Tolkien put into his books. Not to mention songs, maps, and plenty more background information. Tolkien created a whole new world for readers with his books. Why did J.R.R. Tolkien have such an interesting life and where did all of his information come from?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all began when Arthur Reuel Tolkien and Mabel Suffield had their first-born son on January 3, 1982 in Bloemfontein, South Africa. (Darryl Friesen, Early) Tolkien’s early years and barely even memorable ones were spent divided between the city and a country farm. During this time, at school, Tolkien was bitten by a huge tarantula, which would later influence one of his stories in Lord of the Rings. (W.J. Rayment, A Bio)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On February 15th, 1896, Tolkien left South Africa with his mother and younger brother, Hilary to return to England. His father however was also suppose to return to England with them within the next few months, but while he waited in South Africa he caught rheumatic fever and soon died. This left the grieving family with a very limited income. (W. J. Rayment, A Bio)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By now Tolkien was showing great interest in languages and had developed remarkable skills with them. He had already mastered Latin and Greek, and was already making up languages on his own. So, naturally, when Tolkien and his family reached Birmingham, England his mother paid for Tolkien to attend King Edward VI School. (David McDonald, Bio Sketch)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1900, Tolkiens’ mother, along with her sister May were received in... ... that Tolkien had to change his address, telephone number, and eventually had to move to Bournmouth at a South Coast Resort. In 1955, The Return of the King, the final book of The Lord of the Rings was published.( Darryl Friesen, Timeline)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With his major book out of the way, Tolkien decided to retire from Oxford and looked back toward his wife. For the next few years Tolkien would work on his liturature and live with his wife peacefully. On November 29th, 1971 Tolkien lost his wife and soon returned to Oxford shortly after. On September 2, 1973, Tolkien died at the age of 81 from an pneumonia at a private hospitol in Bournemouth. (Darryl Friesen, Post)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tolkiens’ books still live on even after his death. In 1977, The Simarillion was published with the help of Tolkien’s son, Christopher. The Hobbit is recommended of most lists of childrens’ books. On December 19th, 2001, New Line Cinema released a live action movie of The Fellowship of the Ring earning a whopping 95.3 million in its first week. The Two Towers was released in December 2002 and The Return of the King will be released in December 2003. (Darryl Friesen, After)

An Interpretation of Horace’s Art of Poetry Essay

The epistle from Horace’s Art of Poetry was not merely a guide for good literature, but it was a sophisticated writing that displayed his principles and wisdom, and the contemporary Hellenistic influence on the Romans. Horace’s profound work clearly asserted his position as a literary master. Throughout his letter to Piso, he was able to make his description interesting and explanation convincing. He exhibited his expertise in literature by presenting detailed guidelines to write proficiently. Among his suggestions, he stressed precision, good iambic lines, and proper literary styles and formats. He also emphasized on the importance to strive for unity, as the writing would lose strength without coherence. If he were not a master at literature, he would not be able to discuss the technical details in depth. Furthermore, Horace was not only a man with distinguished achievements, but he was also a man with great principles. With many people yearning for success, he described Rome as â€Å"a nation greedy just for fame† (129). He criticized the Romans for being indulgent and materialistic. Since everybody was so absorbed in earning money, he asked, â€Å"what poems can we expect to write worth coating with protective oils and storing in fine wood?† (129). To Horace, money was not the primary motivation to pursue his writing career, and that explained why Horace rejected Augustus’s offer to become his secretary, which was an honorable position for a freed man. With his great virtues and morals, Horace was undoubtedly one of the best poets in the Roman Empire. Horace’s writings revealed the dominant Hellenistic influence. They were eloquent and highly intellectual, much nearer to that of the scholarly Greek writers of the Hellenistic period. He showed that he possessed deep knowledge of the Greek literature, since he often referred to Greek writers and to their plays. In his letter to Piso, he used Homer’s Odyssey as an example of great literature. â€Å"Make your models Greek,† as Horace declared, â€Å"and turn their pages nightly; turn them daily too† (127). This indicated his fondness of the Greek models. In addition, he mentioned that poets â€Å"[sung] about Italian themes in tragedies and comedies attired in Roman clothes† (128). Evidently, Hellenism had impacted not only Horace, but also the contemporary poets. By observing how Hellenism had revolutionized the  theoretical thinking of the poet of Rome, one can conclude that the impact of Hellenism was unquestionably prominent. Horace’s work of art demonstrated his expertise in writing, as well as the Hellenistic influence on Roman writers. Horace declared, â€Å"To flee vice is the beginning of virtue, and to have got rid of folly is the beginning of wisdom.† And Horace’s wisdom had presented new insights to the ancient Roman Empire. In studying Horace’s polished writings and distinguished qualities, scholars can further investigate how Greek culture had progressively integrated itself to the ancient Roman’s lives. J. Atchity, Kennedy. The Classical Roman Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997

News and Houses

News and Houses News and Houses News and Houses By Maeve Maddox Lately I’ve noticed that several announcers on NPR (National Public Radio)both national and local announcershave taken to pronouncing the word news as [noos]. U.S. and British speakers usually differ in the way they pronounce the vowel in news. Most U.S. speakers say [nooz]. British pronunciation is [nyooz]. The pronunciation [noos] is a new one on me. Long before I heard [noos], I began to notice a shift in the way some U.S. speakers pronounce the words house and houses, pronouncing the [z] of the plural as [s]. I first noticed it in the speech of Chicago speakers, but now I hear it in the national media. House is pronounced differently according to whether it is a noun or a verb. â€Å"Let’s paint the house pink.† (noun) Used as a noun, house is pronounced [hous]. The plural of house is houses [hou-ziz]. â€Å"Relief services must house all the homeless storm survivors.† (verb) As a verb, house is pronounced [houz]. House has an -ing form that can be used as either a noun or a verb: â€Å"Local hotels are providing temporary housing for the survivors.† (verbal noun) â€Å"FEMA is housing the survivors in mobile homes.† (present participle) The pronunciation of housing is [hou-zing] Several rules govern the pronunciation of the letter s in English. I’ll mention only the ones that apply to news and houses. houses If the last consonant sound of the word is a sibilant sound like [s] or [z]), the final sound is pronounced like an extra syllable: [houz-iz] news If the last letter of the word ends in a vowel sound (e.g. bees, flies), the s is pronounced [z]. Don’t let the consonant letter w in news fool you. English has many more vowel sounds than it has vowel letters. The w in news belongs to the vowel digraph ew, the vowel sound heard in news. Such handy rules for the pronunciation of s at the end of words do not exist for s in a medial position. Those you must learn on a word-by-word basis. When in doubt, consult a dictionary. Interesting side note: One of the announcers on my local NPR station pronounces noon as [njun] instead of [noon]. She says that a program is on â€Å"from 11 a.m. to [njun].† I’m waiting for another announcer to do it. I think this kind of thing may be catching. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsDouble Possessive

Anna Arnold Hedgeman, Civil Rights Activist, Feminist

Anna Arnold Hedgeman, Civil Rights Activist, Feminist article edited with additions by Jone Johnson Lewis Dates: July 5, 1899Â  -Â  January 17, 1990Known for: African-American feminist; civil rights activist; founding member of NOW Anna Arnold Hedgeman was a civil rights activist and an early leader in the National Organization for Women. She worked throughout her life on issues such as education, feminism, social justice, poverty and civil rights. A Pioneer for Civil Rights Anna Arnold Hedgemans lifetime of accomplishments included many firsts: First black woman to graduate from Hamline University (1922) - the university now has a scholarship named for herFirst black woman to serve on a New York City mayoral cabinet (1954-1958)First black person to hold a Federal Security Agency position Anna Arnold Hedgeman was also the only woman on the executive committee that organized Martin Luther King, Jr.s famous March on Washington in 1963. Patrik Henry Bass called her instrumental in organizing the march and the conscience of the march in his book Like A Mighty Stream: The March on Washington August 28, 1963 (Running Press Book Publishers, 2002). When Anna Arnold Hedgeman realized there were going to be no female speakers at the event, she protested the minimal recognition of women who were civil rights heroes. She succeeded in persuading the committee that this oversight was a mistake, which led eventually to Daisy Bates being invited to speak that day at the Lincoln Memorial. NOW Activism Anna Arnold Hedgeman served temporarily as the first executive vice-president of NOW. Aileen Hernandez, who had been serving on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, was elected executive vice-president in absentia when the first NOW officers were selected in 1966. Anna Arnold Hedgeman served as temporary executive vice-president until Aileen Hernandez officially stepped down from the EEOC and took the NOW position in March 1967. Anna Arnold Hedgeman was the first chair of NOWs Task Force on Women in Poverty. In her 1967 task force report, she called for a meaningful expansion of economic opportunities for women and said there were no jobs or opportunities for women at the bottom of the heap to move into. Her suggestions included job training, job creation, regional and city planning, attention to high school dropouts and an end to the ignoring of women and girls in federal job and poverty-related programs. Other Activism In addition to NOW, Anna Arnold Hedgeman was involved with organizations including the YWCA, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League, the National Council of Churches Commission on Religion and Race and the National Council for a Permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission. She ran for Congress and president of the New York City Council, drawing attention to social issues even when she lost the elections. A 20th Century Life in the United States Anna Arnold was born in Iowa and grew up in Minnesota. Her mother was Mary Ellen Parker Arnold, and her father, William James Arnold II, was a businessman. The family was the only black family in Anoka, Iowa, where Anna Arnold grew up. Â  She graduated from high school in 1918, and then became the first black graduate of Hamline University in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Unable to find a teaching job in Minnesota where a black woman would be hired, Anna Arnold taught in Mississippi at Rust College. She could not accept living under Jim Crow discrimination, so she returned north to work for the YWCA. She worked at black YWCA branches in four states, ending up finally in Harlem, New York City. In New York in 1933, Anna Arnold married Merritt Hedgeman, a musician and performer. Â   During the Depression, she was a consultant on racial problems for the Emergency Relief Bureau of New York City, studying near-slavery conditions of black women who worked in domestic service in the Bronx, and studying Puerto Rican conditions in the city. Â  When World War II began, she worked as a civil defense official, advocating for black workers in war industries. In 1944 she went to work for an organization advocating for fair employment practices. Â  Unsuccessful at getting fair employment legislation passed, she returned to the academic world, working as an assistant dean for women at Howard University in New York. In the 1948 election, she was executive director of the presidential re-election campaign for Harry S Truman. After he was reelected, she went to work for his government, working on issues of race and employment. Â  She was the first woman and the first African American to be part of a mayoral cabinet in New York City, appointed by Robert Wagner, Jr., to advocate for the poor. As a laywoman, she signed a 1966 black power statement by black members of the clergy which appeared in the New York Times. In the 1960s she worked for religious organizations, advocating for higher education and racial reconciliation. Â  It was in her role as a part of religious and womens communities that she advocated strongly for the participation of white Christians in the 1963 March on Washington. She wrote the books The Trumpet Sounds: A Memoir of Negro Leaership (1964) and The Gift of Chaos: Decades of American Discontent (1977).Anna Arnold Hedgeman died in Harlem in 1990.

Egyptian Civilization essays

Egyptian Civilization essays Egyptian civilization formed along the Nile river and the earliest traces of human life in that region are from the Paleolithic Age, (Old Stone Age), about 300,000 B.C., at the very edges of the Nile Valley. Beyond, on both sides of the river the land was and still is desert. At that time the people moved from place to place, ate berries, roots, and any animals they could find, but stood close to their lifeline, the Nile. The lands along the Nile were rich enough to be farmed, so over time the people started to grow crops. They found ways to store the yearly floodwaters and then use them for the dry seasons. The farmers learned to lift water out of the Nile or wells and send it across the fields through a system of canals. In order for all of this to work out they had to work together, no one could do any of it alone. So as the farmers and people began to cooperate, an organization began to grow. They found leaders among them who directed the work. A form of government developed and due to that they soon began to build cities, to manufacture things, in time to trade with their neighbors. That is how it all started. Over a period from 3100 B.C. to 332 B.C. they grew in culture, arts, religion, science, The early Egyptian people grew food by the Nile and lived mainly by hunting for meat, fishing, and gathering wild plants. They kept a small number of cattle, sheep, or goats, and grew a few crops. Their crops were flax, barley, and a primitive kind of wheat called 'emmer.' They got the sheep and goats from the middle east, and their crops too. Farming provided most of the food and helped their population grow. Later on in time, the basic diet of the ordinary people was bread and beer. The wealthier ones ate more meat and drank wine instead of The most common clothes women wore were tunic dresses. Those were made by folding a rectangle of cloth in half, sewing it up at the sides, leaving ...

FEX_HUM310 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FEX_HUM310 - Essay Example It is very democratic because having a book about how to become important levels the playing field. This article was important because at the time, everybody thought a Catholic president would basically just do whatever the Pope said without thinking of America first. However, Smiths article argues that this belief was completely against Americas constitution, which allowed for both freedom of religion and the separation of church and state. It influenced American values by drawing peoples attention again to the basic rights set out by the constitution with regards to religious rights. On the Road, like other books and poems published during the Beat Generation, was a book that really called into question the traditional values of America. It represented a big shift in the way people thought about things, and was very liberal or even radical. Once people accepted it America began to accept more liberal ideas. The Feminine Mystique is an important book because it drew attention to the way American women were still mostly a subservient gender. They were unhappy, but because for them to be happy might call into question traditional values about what women were supposed to do in the home, not many people wanted to know about their unhappiness at first. Friedans book brought this problem to the national attention. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the letter in response to criticism of his protests in Birmingham Alabama. He claimed that unjust laws should be disobeyed because of morals. It is a significant document because it suggests that America was not as good at giving everybody an equal, democratic chance as it wished to believe. It also sets forth an alternative way for the oppressed people like African-Americans to change their country for the better. Bellow was controversial because of his conservative social and political views. He made statements and

Brand Management and Hotel Loyalty programs Assignment

Brand Management and Hotel Loyalty programs - Assignment Example Additionally, loyal clients present business partnership activities such as spreading positive comments through word of mouth to their business partners and relatives. Loyalty programs are a combined structure of marketing processes and techniques that have a fundamental objective of making clients be more loyal to the brand. Brand loyalty through customer retention techniques is a strategic drive for all business executives in the world. Loyalty programs are vital components for encouraging client retention in numerous sectors, including hospitality and airline industries (Xie & Chen, 2014). Loyalty clients are said to have better customer maintenance rates, commit a bigger portion of their group expenditures to the organization and are more likely to recommend other individuals to become customers to the business enterprise. There are numerous gains to an effectual customer loyalty program besides added reliability, lesser price sensitivity, and stouter regard and attitudes in the direction of retailers and the brand. Some of these benefits include having access to vital statistics on customers and client trends, added consistent sales, larger capacities to spot unique customer sections and enhanced success in executing merchandise recalls. The Loyalty notion is a pledge to procure repeatedly a preferred good or service recurrently in the future. Even though some aspects external to the brand determine a customers choice, brand loyalty is experienced and practiced in the hospitality sector (So, King, Sparks & Wang, 2013). As the hospitality industry transforms from a traditional and controlled sector into a global sector, technological advancements have become important especially to consumers. Resorts, for instance, organize the Internet services to offers clients websites in different languages, online customer assistance, and online reservations. Loyalty programs give assistance in

Peer review form Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer review form - Assignment Example Nonetheless, the paper does follow the direction of the thesis because the following paragraphs are related to the thesis. The first part of the introduction is well crafted because it starts by introducing the paper. The writer uses suspense to hook the reader up, and this is effective. For instance, in the introduction, the writer avoids availing all the information about the story which compels the reader to read the other parts. Thus, they are effective, and almost require no suggestion. 3. How does the writer use textual evidence and analysis to back up his or her claim? Comment on several examples and offer any suggestions that you have. Do you think that the writer â€Å"digs deeply† into the text (vertical thinking)? Why or why not? What are some of the implications that the writer draws from the examples? In a bid to back up claims, the writer quotes from the story. For instance, to show the relationship between animals and danger, the writer states that the doctor kept two animals: a cheetah and a baboon. Another entails the snake which is portrayed as sharing similar traits with one Roylott because of the ruthlessness demonstrated. The suggestion is that author ought to have indicated the page numbers where direct quotations were used. The writer had dug deeply and this is confirmed by the implications such as humans resembling humans in terms of characteristics. 4. Comment on the organization of the paper. Is it logical and clear, why or why not? Is each paragraph unified around one main idea, indicated by a topic sentence? Note any issues that you see concerning paragraph unity, general organization or awkward transitions? Offer suggestion where appropriate. Notwithstanding the use of examples, the paper’s organization is poor. Whereas the overall message is clear and logical paragraphs are poorly arranged. For instance, there is no indication

Why do some survivors of domestic abuse maintain a relationship with Essay

Why do some survivors of domestic abuse maintain a relationship with their abusive partner - Essay Example It results in acute medical conditions such as multiple injuries to the face, head, neck, breast, or abdomen, and in chronic conditions such as headaches, abdominal pain, pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction (Campbell, 2002; Ellsberg, 1997; Gelles & Straus (1998) R.J. Gelles and M.A. Straus, The medical and psychological costs of family violence. In: M.A. Straus and R.J. Gelles, Editors, Physical violence in American families—Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8145 families, Transaction Publishers, New Brumswick [USA] & London [UK] (1998), pp. 425–430.Gelles & Straus, 1998; Goodman, Koss, & Russo, 1993; Karol, Micka, & Kuskowski, 1992; Martin & Younger-lewis, 1997; Nduna & Goodyear, 1997). Intimate partner violence is also associated with lowered self-esteem and lowered self-perception of health by the victims (Amoakohene, 2004; Baker, 1997; Ellsberg, Caldera, Herrera, Winkvist, & Kullgren, 1999; McCauley et al., 1995; Skupien, 1998). Partner abuse has serious reproductive health consequences, including inability to use a contraceptive method at all or consistently, unwanted pregnancy, and increased levels of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. Even the period of pregnancy is not protective (Blaney, 1998; Diop-Sidibà ©, 2001; Gazmararian et al., 2000; Jejeebhoy, 1998; Maman, 2000; Letourneau, Holmes, & Chasedunn-Roark, 1999; Martin et al., 1999; Parsons, Goodwin, & Petersen, 2000; Rickert, Wiemann, Harrykissoon, Berenson, & Kolb, 2002; Sharps & Campbell, 1998). Of course the most extreme physical consequences of this type of violence are death of the victim, by suicide or homicide, and homicide against the perpetrator (Breiting et al, 1989; Wilson & Daly, 1994). Although the associations of IPV and detrimental health outcomes have been well established in research from industrialized countries, they have seldom been studied in developing countries. Similarly, despite the fact that IPV against men is kn own to occur in the USA,

Car belt design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Car belt design - Assignment Example PLA material is bio plastic material that is mostly sourced from the bio materials having sugars in the form of form of starch and cellulose. It is 100% bio degradable material. The fibres derived from the PLA material can easily replace the nylon in cases where nylon is used extensively. Moreover, PLA material can replace the poly vinyl can be used to manufacture surgical as well as common use polythene bags. It requires less temperature to be converted in any form. The common type of material available as biodegradable plastic is poly lactic acid (PLA). However, the material available for the use is made up of poly-L-lactide (PLLA) that appears after the polymerization of L, L-lactide and PLA. The crystallization percentage of the PLA is about 37%. It achieves glass transition state at about 60- 85 o C. It melts at about 178 o C and the average tensile modulus is about 2.7–16 GPa. In pure condition, PLA can resist a temperature of about 110 o C. However, as the purity is altered heat resistance as well as abrasion resistance can be enhanced. PLA has the similar mechanical properties as compared to that of Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE). PLA can be turned into fibres of required length and diameter with the help of similar process used for the other thermo plastic materials. The process is often named as melt spinning process that converts melted. The most advantageous feature of the PLA is the bio-degradability of the material. Once the belt attains its age in car or other vehicle, the feature of biodegradability is much important as it decomposes the material naturally and does not bother the environment (Niaounakis, 2013, 161). Blending other polymers into the PLA enhances its heat resistivity. Other bio plastics like poly-D-lactide can be mixed with the PLA or PLLA to enhance the heat resistivity. The mixing of the other compounds can be altered according to the application. If ratio of the poly-D-lactide and PLA become 1:1,

Why do some survivors of domestic abuse maintain a relationship with Essay

Why do some survivors of domestic abuse maintain a relationship with their abusive partner - Essay Example It results in acute medical conditions such as multiple injuries to the face, head, neck, breast, or abdomen, and in chronic conditions such as headaches, abdominal pain, pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction (Campbell, 2002; Ellsberg, 1997; Gelles & Straus (1998) R.J. Gelles and M.A. Straus, The medical and psychological costs of family violence. In: M.A. Straus and R.J. Gelles, Editors, Physical violence in American families—Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8145 families, Transaction Publishers, New Brumswick [USA] & London [UK] (1998), pp. 425–430.Gelles & Straus, 1998; Goodman, Koss, & Russo, 1993; Karol, Micka, & Kuskowski, 1992; Martin & Younger-lewis, 1997; Nduna & Goodyear, 1997). Intimate partner violence is also associated with lowered self-esteem and lowered self-perception of health by the victims (Amoakohene, 2004; Baker, 1997; Ellsberg, Caldera, Herrera, Winkvist, & Kullgren, 1999; McCauley et al., 1995; Skupien, 1998). Partner abuse has serious reproductive health consequences, including inability to use a contraceptive method at all or consistently, unwanted pregnancy, and increased levels of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. Even the period of pregnancy is not protective (Blaney, 1998; Diop-Sidibà ©, 2001; Gazmararian et al., 2000; Jejeebhoy, 1998; Maman, 2000; Letourneau, Holmes, & Chasedunn-Roark, 1999; Martin et al., 1999; Parsons, Goodwin, & Petersen, 2000; Rickert, Wiemann, Harrykissoon, Berenson, & Kolb, 2002; Sharps & Campbell, 1998). Of course the most extreme physical consequences of this type of violence are death of the victim, by suicide or homicide, and homicide against the perpetrator (Breiting et al, 1989; Wilson & Daly, 1994). Although the associations of IPV and detrimental health outcomes have been well established in research from industrialized countries, they have seldom been studied in developing countries. Similarly, despite the fact that IPV against men is kn own to occur in the USA,

Time value of money Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Time value of money - Research Paper Example gger amount in the days to come.  The renowned fact that money possesses a time value implies that time value of that money must be put into account when making decisions to do with finance.   This is done by restating values of money through time with what is called Calculations of Time Value of Money.   These calculations are applied so as to shift monetary unit values of through the given time period.   The calculations can be used to state future monetary flows in present value terms and also to restate today’s value amounts into future monetary values. These calculations are by far the most powerful tool that is available for making business and financial decisions. These values may be used to restate cash flows in such a way as to make them comparable in the process of making financial decisions. The present value of money puts into account that fact that cash always loses value over time due to inflation as well as opportunity cost. The reason the topic of prese nt value of money is very important in finance is because its calculation forms a basis for all decisions that managers make. Calculation of present values is very important in making many financial decisions that face all individuals and managers in various types of firms.   This procedure allows many financial computations in relation to the interest earning, returns upon investments gains, capital budgeting processes of decision, predicaments relating loan, insurance programming predicaments,  and many other business asset buying or decisions in relation investment.   These computations also grant the basis for part of the most commonly used valuation models as well as concepts applied in today’s finance.   Failure to discount makes ventures that yield returns in the future appear to be more valuable than they really are.(Rosen, H.S 2005 pp. 241)Through calculating the net present value, firms are able to make accurate estimates on the returns to expect from variou s investments they choose to undertake. This is through calculating returns on investments. Firms are also in a better position to make reasonable and accurate budgets since they are under no illusion about their actual present or future monetary value. The net present value is also very important in dealing with loans related issues that may arise. The finance manager of a company will be in a position to know the amount of loan that the firm can afford to repay comfortably. This is very important because the company will avoid having too large loans which may be difficult to repay and thus it will remain financially stable. Finally, calculation of net present value is very useful in solving insurance programming problems of a company. Question 2 Future Value(FV) = Present Value(PV) ?( 1 + Interest Rate(R) )T , where T is the number of periods or years a) Present value = $ 15,000, Interest Rate = 7%, Time = 5years Therefore,Future Value = 15,000 ? (1 + 0.07)5 = $21,038.28 b) Presen t value = $ 19,500,Interest Rate = 4%,time = 3years Future Value = 19,500?(1+0.04)3 = $ 21,934.8 c) Present value = $

Current Trends in Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Current Trends in Human Resource Management Essay Technology is ubiquitous. Whether you are in the industrialized world or developing markets, a growing number of people are connecting with mobile devices like colorful cell phones and very portable computers like Apple’s iPad. This allows people to communicate across archaic boundaries within companies or externally across the world. They have instant access to information and to people. brilliant CEO’s are thinking about ways to leverage this technology explosion. Many are already experimenting with virtual teams, non-traditional workplaces, and flatter corporate structures. How will your company leverage technology? Are there ways to connect more effectively with co-workers, customers, or investors? Can access to information abet to hurry the company more effectively? Have you identified what information is necessary to your success and how it should be shared? Will you exercise an enterprise platform like SAP or Peoplesoft, or will you simply spend basic services like email and the Internet? So, the basic examine from a human resource perspective is how to utilize technology to connect people and information to your advantage. If you are not thinking about all of this, rest assured that your competitors are already experimenting with the modern technologies. originate positive that you don’t pick up left in the dust. Global Marketplace As demonstrated during the unusual downturn, worldwide economic activity is more interdependent than it ever has been in the past. Although trade has crossed borders even before the Silk Road was traveled by Marco Polo, in today’s global marketplace what happens in one country usually has a dramatic impact in another. The largest economies like the US, China, Japan, nd Europe are so interdependent that their leaders meet periodically at the G-20 summits to discuss issues of mutual interest and favorite strategies. Smaller countries that were formerly called third-world countries are now called emerging markets because they have the most robust growth. It is now also possible to do business across borders more easily using global transportation services like DHL , FedEx, and UPS. Even minute businesses have the opportunity to compete or bewitch supplies from outside their local marketplace. This is a growing trend and remarkable of the growth will be outside of the developed countries. So, how is your company positioned to participate in this growth? Can you tap into modern markets or get suppliers or contract workers at lower cost? Can you partner with other businesses or agencies in different markets at home or abroad? If you are looking for recent customers, project workers or current opportunities, then it only makes sense to believe about strategies that would allow your company to participate in the global economy. How can your company tap into the growth in the emerging markets? More specifically from an human resources perspective, can you leverage contract workers for projects or benefit staff? While this may not be feasible for every business, it might be more viable than you deem. Workers who do their job primarily at a computer can do this unbiased as well in another space or country. This is especially proper if you have the just technology platforms or exercise cloud computing. While there are security, cultural, and other issues to address, don’t let the opportunities pass you by honest because you haven’t understanding globally about your business in the past. The future is a global marketplace. deem globally. Rising Costs of Benefits In the United States, health care and succor costs generally have been rising at an unsustainable rate. modern federal health care legislation may address some issues; however, it is tranquil very likely that the costs will continue to rise. Thus, companies will be looking to shift the burden for the costs of benefits. Some of this will be shifted to the government, some will be shifted to workers, and peaceful other benefits will unbiased be chop because they are no longer affordable. Many companies have already chop their defined benefits pensions and retirement programs. Others have modified them to lower matching contributions when they aren’t making a profit. Others have shifted their health insurance to high-deductible plans which offer lower premiums, but also require workers to lift up mighty of the basic cost even when they exhaust health savings accounts. Thus the trend for many companies is to be more frugal with employee back offerings; however, other companies will consume their enhanced abet programs as a recruiting tool to attract the top talent in their industry. So each company must analyze their benefits in relation to their overall strategy to attract and support talent for their firm while balancing the overall costs of the programs. You must be able to reply the basic expect, â€Å"What is our compensation and benefits philosophy and how does if fit into our overall business strategy? Flexible Workplace The workplaces in the future will be more flexible. Once again, technology might be one of the driving considerations that makes this possible; however it is not the only factor. Younger generations are not only more accustomed to being treated differently, but in some cases examine that employers are flexible so that they can balance work-life issues. Unless there is a compelling reason for workers to be on spot during obvious hours, such as a doctor in an emergency room or a shift manager at a manufacturing facility, then employers should contemplate about how they can be more flexible in their workplaces. Allowing workers to tele-commute has both disadvantages as well as advantages, so there is not a simple legal or unsuitable retort for every company. However, design no mistake; some companies are working through these issues honest now so that they can offer flexibility for their employees that compliments their business strategies. This will be their key to attracting top talent. Demographics Demographics are definitely changing. In the United States where there is a tradition of immigration, there is a shift from the venerable white-male dominated workplace to a multi-cultural environment. This is happening at all levels from line-workers to management. Additionally, women will smash through the â€Å"glass ceiling† and rise to more senior management ranks. Beyond ethnic and gender considerations, age is also likely to play into the equation of workforce planning. Many leadership and managerial positions are now occupied by aging â€Å"baby-boomers† who will be retiring over the next five to ten years. This will inaugurate up current opportunities for younger workers, but only if they are prepared. On the other hand, some older workers will be working well past retirement age either because they haven’t saved for retirement or because they will be retained as famous employees due to their job experience. They might be willing to cease if their employer offers some flexibility like job sharing or a four-day work week. Outside of the US, industrialized nations will also need to deal with aging populations while the emerging countries will have younger workers who are involved to allotment in a more affluent lifestyle. Thus, CEO’s and HR managers are thinking about ways that their workforce will change in the next few years. Will you have ample leaders to replace aging baby-boomers? Will you need to relate younger workers to transfer the institutional knowledge that is currently retained by your more experienced staff? How will your company retract advantage of shifts to a more diverse workforce? These are all very famous questions that must have an reply if your firm is going to thrive in the future. Looking into the future is hard to do, especially in the 21st Century, but trends offer some clues. We live in a more complex and interconnect world. Events in one allotment of the world are speedily news everywhere over the internet, cable TV and mobile phones. Although it is an exaggeration to say that the gentle flutter from a butterfly’s glide in Asia can result in a hurricane on the other side of the globe, we seek the far reaching effects from events in one plot to other regions that would not have known about them in the past. Thus, it is notable to ogle for trends that will impact our world. If you can capitalize on the changes that result from the trends, then you can prepare to either pick advantage of them or minimize their despicable impact. These five trends in human resources trends are already impacting the diagram we do business. They will definitely continue to impact our world, and it is up to you to figure out how to leverage them to your advantage.

Human rights and good governance

Human rights and good governance Introduction: Good governance is an necessary element of durable development is not deniable. It is the key stick of recent Economic growth and rapid social advancement achieved by the newly industrializing economies in East and South-East Asia. It has also altered postulates and shaped perspectives on development economics with some prominence being given to the so-called (East) Asian values and development-oriented governance or a â€Å"development State† as a positive force for economic growth and social transformation. Human Rights is another burning issue now a days. The growing power of executive authorities sometime causes serious violation of Rights of human. Human right dealt with the rights that every human being routinely qualifies for at birth. These cannot be denied because of the color of ones skin, religion, age or other personal factors. Sometime it seems that there are many contradictions between Good Governance and Human Rights, especially then the question of application is come. But in the book â€Å"Human Rights and Good Governance† edited by Hans-Otto Sano, an article â€Å"Good Governance: How Does It Relate to Human Rights?† the author shows that how they are related with each other, and sometime how they sometime cross their limit and harm each-other. But in the conclusion the author found that in practice actually the Good Governance strengthen human right. And also good human rights condition also helps to achieve the main goal of Good Governance that is Development. Definition of Good Governance: The concept of Good Governance has been around for last few decades. In 1969 Philip Selznic sought to develop a law of governance in his study of industrial organization. But this term â€Å"Good Governance† emerge on the development agenda. Because there were three important factor that played a great role to raise this issue. 1.The experience of international financial institutes in sub-Saharan Africa in implementing structural adjustment Programs showed that after an initial adjustment phase where macro-economic balance were set straight ,further economic growth failed to materialize. Its showed that empowering the capacity of key government agencies was necessary in order to create an strong environment for sustainable development. 2. The end of the cold war and the associated collapse of communist economic and political system showed the world how potentially damaging big and inefficient state apparatuses could be to economic development. And at the same time the end of superpower competition has given western donors to impose political condition in their policies towards the third world countries. Yes, in these regards the third world countries has lost the paradigm of â€Å"negative sovereignty that states that state must not hinder in the domestic affairs of another country.   Even the human rights issues primarily concern the relationship between the state and its citizens; they are increasingly seen as a legitimate concern of the international society. Because the realm of human rights has crossed the boundary of a national state. 3.The third factor is that the emergence of good governance on the development agenda was the remarkable economic boom experienced by the East-Asia which is known as â€Å"Emerging Tigers†. These emergence has showed that economic development mainly depends on Good and fair Governance. The World Banks publications â€Å"East Asian Miracle† in the early 1990 showed that strong and interventionist states can serve to promote economic growth. In order to define more fully meaning of Governance, we distinguish between the World   Bank and the rest of the donor community. The World Bank sets the agenda and is the dominating actor in aid community. and in the same time its policy is to restricts it from getting involved in the internal affairs of economic factors recipient countries.The Banks authorization is limited to economic development, and it can only take non-economic factors into consideration where these are perceived to have an important impact on economic development. In the same time the donor agencies and the donor states denote Good Governance as something different than Banks policy. Here the donor country or agencies emphasize in political affairs. What do we understand by term â€Å"Bad Governance†? In ‘Bad Governance the state official doing their job for their own interests and there acts are without accountability, the trust on personal networks for endurance rather than on holding the state accountable, modified politics and patronage, unlawful leadership, and excessive control over information and of associations. The narrow focus on management was thus broadened and supplemented with concepts such as accountability and transparency. The World Bank has changed the focus from narrow management approach to broader and more political governance. In an article Peter Evans showed that there are two newer trends within the development literature. One is focusing on the role of social capital that is norm of trust and networks of reciprocity for economic development and government performance. And the another is focusing on the role of the developmental state that is strong governmental agencies capable of active in tervention in the economy for capital development and he bickers that these two trends could be very well integrated. And now a days â€Å"Good Governance† is something that will ensure both political development and economic development. So, there are two aspect of   good governance, a political aspect concerning legitimacy and a technical aspect concerning capacity. But sometime it is clear that even though the Banks mandate prohibits it from getting involved in domestic politics, the view of governance overlaps with matters of political controversy. So, it is hard to separate politics from economic when good governance is described as ‘predictable, enlightened and open policy- process, bureaucracy with a professional ethos, a government accountable for its actions, a strong civil society participating actively in public affairs and all under the rule of law. Bilateral donors and the EU are able to be clearer when adopting political conditions for aid. Thus the rest of the aid agencies and stats have given more stresses on political aspect of governance. As an example according to a DAC (Development Assistance Committee) report the technical and the political aspect is the main issue for their aid. And now they emphasized in the concern with the ability of governments to govern effectively and the latter with avoiding that states have excessive power in relating to citizens. In the official publications of Danida (The Danish Development agency) says that good governance is closely linked to human rights and democratization. The consensus about good governance is somewhat super facial. Below the surface there are disagreements concerning what the role of the state should be and which particular governance components should be stressed. Nevertheless, there is on a general level a consensus within the development community emphasizing human rights, democracy, responsiveness, and accountability on the one hand, and capacity, effectiveness and efficiency on the other hand. Characteristics of Good Governance: When trying to relate good governance to human rights, it is important to distinguish between various ways of using the concept. Good Governance can be defined in some ideas. Like as a normative ideal, as analytical concept, and as a donor practice Good Governance has been defined in the Community Consultation Resource Guideas existing when a government governs for and on behalf of its community (p 5). This provides a democratic basis which is essential to an understanding of good governance in the local government sector, with a focus of good governance as it applies to democratically elected governments. Besides this Good governance is consists of eight (8) major individuality. These are as followings: 1) Participatory, 2) Accountable, 3) Consensus oriented, 4) Effective and efficient, 5) Responsive, 6) Transparent, 7) The rule of law 8) Equitable and inclusive The principle and practice of democratic governance underpins governance in a local government sector. Democratic governance refers to the democratic nature of local government and the accountability of local governments and their communities. It makes corruption minimized, the suggestions of minorities are taken into account and the most vulnerable groups voice in society are heard in decision-making. It is also opens societys present and future needs. 1. Participation For, good governance one of the key cornerstone is the participation of both men and women. Participation might be either directly or through lawful intermediate institutions or as an agent. The important matter is that the concerns of the most vulnerable in society would be taken into suggestions in decision making does not always mean by representative democracy. Participation must be well-informed and organized. This means organized civil society on the one hand and freedom of association and press and expression on the other hand. 2. Consensus oriented There are many actors and as many points of view in a certain society. It requires a broad and long-term outlook on what is needed for sustainable human development and how to achieve the goals of such development. Good governance involves mediation of the different interests in society to reach a broad consensus in society on what is in the best interest of the community and how it can be achieved. We understand what is best for them by observing the historical, cultural and social contexts of a given society or community 3. Accountability Accountability is another important condition for good governance. Generally an organization or an institution is accountable to those who will be affected by its decisions or actions. The governmental institutions and the private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to the public and to their institutional stakeholders. Who has to be accountable to whom, varies depending on whether decisions or actions taken are internal or external to an organization or institution. Without transparency and the rule of law, accountability cannot be imposed. 4. Transparency Transparency is another main thing to ensure good governance. Transparency means that taken decisions and enforcement of these decisions will be done in a way that will follow the rules and regulations. It also means that information is without stinting available and easily accessible to those who will be affected by those decisions and their enforcement. It also means that sufficient information is provided and these information is provided in easily understandable forms and media. 5. Responsiveness Institutions and processes will try to serve all stakeholders within reasonable timeframe is another important requirement of ‘Good governance. 6. Effectiveness and efficiency To ensure ‘Good governance, effectiveness and efficiency is another important thing. When processes and institutions decisions meet the needs of   the best use of societys resources means ‘Effectiveness and efficiency. The concept of efficiency in the context of good governance also coats the sustainable use of natural resources and environment protection. 7. Equity and inclusiveness Well being of a society depends on ensuring that all members of the society feel that they have a chance in it and do not feel barred from the majority of society. If it is found that all groups, and mainly the most vulnerable, have equal opportunities to improve and continue their well being in the society, then it could be said that the equality and inclusiveness has been ensured. 8. Rule of law Rule of law is the root of ‘Good governance. In a good governed society fair legal frameworks are enforced neutrally. It also needs full protection of human rights, certainly those of minorities. Free and independent judiciary and an neutral and honest police force can ensure the fair enforcement of law. The Relevance of Good Governance for Human Rights: Governance as a normative ideal: The concept of Good Governance and the concept of human rights point at areas of state-society friction and at areas of state-society synergy. Normatively, good governance is frequently understood as also involving respect for human rights, as for instant in this definition: the concept of good governance refers to ‘effective user-friendly rules, beneficial to those living under the states jurisdiction. But there may be tensions between good governance and human rights that can be traced back to liberal political thought. To such neo-political thinkers as Friedrich Hayek or Robert Nozick the use of state authority for redistributive purposes is a serious infringement upon the individuals liberty-rights.According to Nozick, rights are boundaries that demarcate legitimate spheres of action for an individual, that may not be crossed without an anothers consent. An extensive state cannot be morally justified, because it would   violate the rights of individuals not to be forced to do certain things. Nozicks minimal state is thus inconsistent with â€Å"planning in details† and with the active redistribution of resources ‘forcing some to aid others. Likewise, Hayek is concerned about the democratic element of liberal democracy weighing too much and the liberal elements too little. He distinguishes between law and legislation. According to him the Rule of Law implies limit s to the scope of legislation and it restricts it to the kind of general rules known as formal law, and excludes legislation either directly aimed at particular people, or at enabling anybody to use the coercive power of the state for the purpose of such discrimination. These neo-liberal concerns imply a tension between on the one hand that is negative rights- the rights protecting the individual from the state and on the other hand the positive rights, the rights that require the state to take measures to enhance the economic and social well-being of its citizens. In a neo-liberal view, demands for good governance involving the improvement of social and educational services might conflict with demands for the respect of liberty rights. On the contrary, the new left would discover other tension between good governance and human rights. They would start out by exploring the ways asymmetries of power and resources impinge upon the meaning of liberty and equality in daily relations. And they would find that large numbers of people are systematically restricted from participating in political life. What use are the formal civil and political rights if such large numbers in reality are excluded from enjoying their rights? Thus, potential tension may derive from the donors emphasis on the political and civil rights rather than on economic and social rights when demanding good governance. To the new left, equality and liberty are not at odds, on the contrary, they are mutually reinforcing, and civil and political rights can best be pursued within participatory framework. And in this framework, the state must be democratized by making parliament, state bureaucracies and political parties more open and accountable while new forms of struggle at the local level must ensure that societies as well as the state are democratized. This sketch of the positions of the new right and the new left not only shows how tensions between good governance and human rights can be identified but also how observers can differ on their views about which human rights should be accentuated. Clearly, neo-liberals focus exclusively on political and civil rights and therefore ascribe a minimal role to the state. Similarly the new left focuses as much on social and economic rights. What can be concluded from this section, then, is that governance means many things to many people, and that how it relates to human rights depends on how both governance and human rights are defined. In this way it becomes apparent that the normative aspect of both concepts is fundamental for the understanding and usage of the concepts. Governance as analytical concept: The core of governance is not essentially about democracy, but it has to do with legitimacy and accountability. Understood this way, it can be argued that the better governance is the more a government is accountable towards its citizens, the more likely this government is to respect basic political and civil rights. According to Hyden (1992), the core of governance is bounded by four properties which are most important. These are: a) Authority. b) Reciprocity. c) Trust. d) Accountability. Trust refers to a normative consensus on the limits of action present in a political community. It is sustained by socialization into the rules of a society. Indicators of trust in a political community are the extent to which individuals and groups in society co-operate in associations that cut across basic divisions such as ethnicity, race, religion, and class Reciprocity refers to the quality of social interaction among members of a political community. Reciprocal action tends to have the effect of generating new forms of consensus about the basic rules of politics. An important indicator of reciprocity in politics is the extent to which individuals are free to form associations to defend and promote their interests in the public dominion. Accountability refers to the effectiveness with which the governed can exercise influence over their governor. Both trust and reciprocity are not easily maintained without specific rules of holding political leaders accountable to civil society. Signs of accountability can be showed by holding various forms of election that is fair and thus officials are appointed who are responsible for making their decisions and actions. Authority is the legitimate use of power. Authority is facilitated by the other three variables but it goes beyond these in stressing the significance of effective political leadership. The authority consists of compliance with not only given policies but also the process by which they are arrived at, that is the extent to which leaders respect rules or change them in ways that are acceptable to the governed. The more the four variables are present, the greater the likelihood of good governance. From the way the governance sphere is outlined above, it follows that the more authority, reciprocity, trust and accountability there is, the higher the likelihood the individual rights are respected by the state. A political community can hardly be imagined in which there is widespread trust and reciprocity, power is exercised legitimately, and the governor are accountable to the governed, at the same time as severe infringements upon the human rights of the citizen take place. Such a political community would not be able to sustain high level of trust and reciprocity. The use of power in such a society would be arbitrary and raw, not legitimate and constrained by the rule of law. The governance is also relate to state capacity and governance affect the ability to deliver services to the public and hence promote economic and social rights. Mick Moore argues in a novel and interesting way that democratic governance and state capacity are inextricably connected. A broad system of taxation based on ‘tax per head and income tax involves a range of features such as organizational capacity to obtain information about citizen and more broadly, a weberian-type bureaucracy capable of administering a complex tax system. In such system, the state will tend to be accountable towards its citizens rather than towards sources of income such as donors, or big oil or mining company. This is because governments tend to be responsive towards their main income. If this is aid , then government will be more accountable towards donor than towards their own citizens. Moore said that the more government income is ‘earned, in the sense that the government has to mobilize o rganizational resources to collect income and provide some service in return. And it is surely promote human rights. But in a weak state, where aid dependency is high and taxation is on trade rather then income, governance will thus tend to be unaccountable. In the sense that democratic governance means that the state ‘comes closer to its citizens and starts negotiating more with the citizens and providing basic services, better governance means higher likelihood that the governance will start respecting human rights that is individuals rights. It has to, if it wishes to secure tax compliance. Accountable governance in fact becomes part of the process of constituting individuals as citizens with rights and duties rather than as subjects. Respecting human rights is inextricably connected to building state capacity, because it involves building a system in which the state depends on its citizens for income and must give them something in return for their contributions. Understood this way, situations could arise in which governance in particular country was unaccountable at the same time as the donor were implementing apparently successful good governance programs, such as financial management programs,   in that same country. Good governance as donor practice: Good governance has become ingrained in the aid policies of most donor. Despite difference in the interpretation of good governance, the concept was a part of a growing consensus among donors concerning fundamental assumptions relating to development. One of the assumptions asserted that sustainable economic and social development on the one hand and human rights, democratization, and good governance on the other hand are intertwined in mutually supportive entities. But it is a big questions that does donor practice concerning good governance promote human rights or is the basic assumption only an expression of what ought to be the case. A way in which good governance program can potentially improve human rights conditions is by strengthening the states capacity to deliver service to the public. The kind of human rights abuses which result from bad or non-existent service delivery, the deprivation of peoples basic economic and social rights, are not very direct or visible. The increased involvement of international financial institutions in many countries economic policies tended to increase their capacity to manage the macro-economy In their effort to set macro-economic balances straight, the governments hired more economists and other technocrats and adopted donor-supported civil- service reforms in order to strengthen their core economic agencies such as the treasury and the revenue authority. According to Grindle, † Other important state capacities, such as the capacity to deliver service to the people or to have a responsive public administration and have deteriorated to the economic crisis.†Ã‚   Grindles study says that some capacities may be strengthened at the same time as other capacities are weakened. Even a country with considerable economic success may at the same time experience deteriorated social and economic rights conditions. Yet good governance programs may well contribute to improving human rights. For example, donor support for public accounts committee in parliament may lead to less waste of tax-payers money and thus improve the citizens political rights. Or, to the extent that public sector reform is a public good because it improves public service and makes them equally accessible to al citizens, successful public sector reform must improve a countrys social rights conditions. The point here is that there is nothing automatic about such a positive relationship between good governance and human rights, as a consequence of the different reasoning behind the usage of the concepts. The good governance concept has a technocratic bias, which aims as an instrument at creating the best possible conditions for economic development.The primary objective of economic and managerial and all the elements involved are first and foremost viewed from an economic and managerial perspective. This follows from the fact that good governance programs were introduced as a remedy to structural adjustment programs and their lack of immediate effects in Africa, as mentioned above. In a good governance perspective legal reforms, for instance, deal primarily with the legal needs of the commercial actors in the market. In contrast to this, the concept of human rights is explicitly normative, connecting ideas and principles about how a state should act towards its folks. Human rights are a means to the end of human dignity, and therefore they set some minimum standards for what the concept of human dignity should govern. According to the last perspective, good governance should mainly be defined by human rights standards and then by economic and managerial criteria. Another important difference in the way good governance and human rights are practiced and used by the international community is that good governance consists of recommendations on how the state is to exercise power most efficiently, the relevance of governance is the exercise of power and should be constrained so as to prevent its arbitrary use. The later involves a procedural, formal and legal perspective on governance that differs from political and economic perspectives. There is thus a distinction between rights and recommendations. Rights are formally binding in the sense that they may not be altered unless a formal procedure has taken place, whereas recommendations can be changed without any procedures in order to achieve a better realization of the political or economic objectives. In relation to human right this distinction is central. Political recommendations may lead to greater fulfillment of human dignity, but this does not necessarily lead to an increased respect for h uman rights. The realization of the contents of rights is of course necessary, but it is not sufficient for human rights because the acknowledgment of rights is in itself important. There is a difference between being given something and being entitled to something. When using the legal perspective on good governance, it becomes evident that policies of good governance have to be in compliance with human rights standards even though this demand may be viewed as having an immediate negative effect on economic development. The argument that policies, merely by creating economic development, are in compliance with human rights therefore cannot be accepted from a legal perspective. (Whether there exists a trade-off relationship between human rights and development is highly controversial).This way human rights should be seen as part of the general legal framework in which good governance policies can be pursued, that is an international legal framework which sets some human rights obligations for the governance of state. In describing good governance policies, donors tend to acknowledge human rights as fundamental guiding principles and aspirations to be achieved, but this is not implemented fully since human rights are not treated as legally binding standards guiding the implementation of governance policies. These obligations, however, not only include the obligation to respect and acknowledge human rights as mentioned above, but also an obligation to protect and an obligation to fulfill. Where every state has the possibility of respecting human rights formally by incorporating new laws, not every sate is fully able to protect and to fulfill these rights. Tod ay most human rights problems are not only the problems of recognition of rights, but also the problems of implementation of rights. In consideration of the above, the relationship between human rights and good governance need not be seen as only a conflicting one, in which human rights are seen as legal corrective to good governance policies. On the contrary, the relationship between good governance and human rights may also been seen as one affording mutual interests, where, on the one hand, governance policies may benefit from legal human rights obligations and, on the other, good governance measures strengthen the protection and fulfillment of human rights.

Woodstock 1969 :: essays research papers

When the word "Woodstock" is mentioned, what do you think of? Perhaps you think of the little yellow bird from the Peanuts cartoons, or maybe you think of a small town in New York. However, you also might know that Woodstock was the largest and most famous of all rock festivals. The Woodstock Music & Art Festival took place on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, August 15th, 16th, and 17th, 1969. As you can imagine, a concert like Woodstock would have had to be planned very carefully. It didn’t just happen. Four young partners Michael Lang, the manager of a rock band, Artie Kornfeld, and executive of Capital Records, and two venture capitalists, John Roberts and Joel Rosenman, created Woodstock. Their original plan had been to build a recording studio in Woodstock, a small town in the Catskill Mountains, which had become a rock center. To promote the idea of the studio, the four partners decided to stage a concert, which they called Woodstock. Naming it after the town in which it was originally going to take place in. It started out as a moneymaking venture a rock concert, pure and simple. An attempt to duplicate or maybe even surpass the success of Monterey Pop, which attracted 50,000 people two years earlier. The Woodstock Festival was expected to attract 50,000 to 100,000 people. In the town of Woodstock, local residents became fearful about the possibility of a hippie invasion. The location was changed from the village of Woodstock, to the town of Wallkill, then finally to a farm at White Lake in the town of Bethel. The name was retained. They rented a 70 acre field from a prominent local dairy farmer, Max Yasgur, who owned land about 48 miles from Woodstock, in Bethel. Days before the festival, Upstate New York was ready. The city, county and state officials knew what to expect, and felt confident in their abilities to handle traffic, crowd control, sanitation, medical emergencies, and any unexpected problems. Finally, the day before the official opening, traffic jams up to 20 miles long blocked most roads leading to the area. On August 15th, the first day, the management was unable to monitor the estimated 400,000 or more people, and decided to abandon attempts at ticket taking because hundreds of thousands of people simply climbed over fences. For three days, the small town of Bethel, was the state’s third-largest city, with an estimated population range between 300,000 and 400,000 people.

Majority Rule and Minority Rights Essay -- protecting minorities

Majority rule can often lead to tyranny because of the pursuit of the majorities’ interests; however, with the Supreme Court and its interpretation of the Constitution, minority groups are often able to rule over the unjust majority. Majority rule is essential in a democracy and having limits does not contradict the majority’s power. The principles of majority rule can be upheld while the rights of minorities are protected as long as justice is maintained through the checks on majority factions and justified court rulings. Though the government wants majority rule to be upheld, majority factions are often proved dangerous due to the fact that they may strip the rights of minorities. In Federalist No. 10, Madison states, â€Å"When a majority is included in a faction, the form of popular government, on the other hand, enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens† to explain how the existence of large factions can be detrimental to the public good (72). In Chapter 1 of On Liberty, Mill states, â€Å"†¦.‘the tyranny of the majority’ is now generally included among the evils against which society requires to be on its guard† to signify how the principle of majority rule can lead to the â€Å"tyranny of the majority†, also known as when the power of the majority oppresses a minority group (96). Both Mill and Madison introduce how the concept of a majority rule can harm the interests of the people outs ide the â€Å"majority†. A more concise example is given in Martin Luther King’s letter from Birmingham Jail; in his letter, King describes the atrocities the African Americans face on a daily basis due to the majority opinion that African Americans are not of equal standing as the whites. K... .... San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 75-78. Print. King Jr., Martin Luther. â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail.† 1963. In Dimensions of Culture 2: Justice. Ed. Valerie Hartouni, Robert Horwitz and John Skrentny. San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 13-20. Print. Madison, James. â€Å"The Federalist No. 10.† 1787. In Dimensions of Culture 2: Justice. Ed. Valerie Hartouni, Robert Horwitz and John Skrentny. San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 71-74. Print. Mill, John Stuart. â€Å"Chapter 1: Introductory from On Liberty.† 1859. In Dimensions of Culture 2: Justice. Ed. Valerie Hartouni, Robert Horwitz and John Skrentny. San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 95-100. Print. Plessy v. Ferguson. 163 U.S. 537 U.S. Supreme Court. 1896. Rpt. In Dimensions of Culture 2: Justice. Ed. Valerie Hartouni, Robert Horwitz and John Skrentny. San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 175-185. Print. Majority Rule and Minority Rights Essay -- protecting minorities Majority rule can often lead to tyranny because of the pursuit of the majorities’ interests; however, with the Supreme Court and its interpretation of the Constitution, minority groups are often able to rule over the unjust majority. Majority rule is essential in a democracy and having limits does not contradict the majority’s power. The principles of majority rule can be upheld while the rights of minorities are protected as long as justice is maintained through the checks on majority factions and justified court rulings. Though the government wants majority rule to be upheld, majority factions are often proved dangerous due to the fact that they may strip the rights of minorities. In Federalist No. 10, Madison states, â€Å"When a majority is included in a faction, the form of popular government, on the other hand, enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens† to explain how the existence of large factions can be detrimental to the public good (72). In Chapter 1 of On Liberty, Mill states, â€Å"†¦.‘the tyranny of the majority’ is now generally included among the evils against which society requires to be on its guard† to signify how the principle of majority rule can lead to the â€Å"tyranny of the majority†, also known as when the power of the majority oppresses a minority group (96). Both Mill and Madison introduce how the concept of a majority rule can harm the interests of the people outs ide the â€Å"majority†. A more concise example is given in Martin Luther King’s letter from Birmingham Jail; in his letter, King describes the atrocities the African Americans face on a daily basis due to the majority opinion that African Americans are not of equal standing as the whites. K... .... San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 75-78. Print. King Jr., Martin Luther. â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail.† 1963. In Dimensions of Culture 2: Justice. Ed. Valerie Hartouni, Robert Horwitz and John Skrentny. San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 13-20. Print. Madison, James. â€Å"The Federalist No. 10.† 1787. In Dimensions of Culture 2: Justice. Ed. Valerie Hartouni, Robert Horwitz and John Skrentny. San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 71-74. Print. Mill, John Stuart. â€Å"Chapter 1: Introductory from On Liberty.† 1859. In Dimensions of Culture 2: Justice. Ed. Valerie Hartouni, Robert Horwitz and John Skrentny. San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 95-100. Print. Plessy v. Ferguson. 163 U.S. 537 U.S. Supreme Court. 1896. Rpt. In Dimensions of Culture 2: Justice. Ed. Valerie Hartouni, Robert Horwitz and John Skrentny. San Diego: University Readers, 2011. 175-185. Print.

Alcohol Policy Report

The WEOC management deems it necessary to establish a set of stringent guidelines for serving alcohol at all of its events, since the company does not support completely banning alcohol consumption. A single alcohol management policy would help enforce a standard practice free of bias and conflicts. This would ensure that all individuals attending the event have a good time without any disturbance from individuals intoxicated with alcohol. Since the company hosts a fair share of late night parties, it would help prevent accidents resulting from drunken driving.Moreover, limiting alcohol consumption at events such training programs and conferences would ensure that business productivity is not affected due to overconsumption of alcohol. Enforcing a policy restricting alcohol consumption is essential to exercise control over large crowds at WEOC sponsored sports events. Since WEOC hosts events such as picnics involving attendees of all ages, it is the company’s responsibility to ensure that such events are suitable for all members of a family including children and elderly people.It is has been proven that individuals under the influence of alcohol may act in a boisterous manner and may even exhibit hostile tendencies. Avoiding individuals from alcohol overdose would help prevent damage to any property in the event premises. It is in the company’s best interest to follow this uniform policy would ensure that none of the employees suffer from alcohol intoxication and behave inappropriately towards a client.This policy is generally good for business and helps in building a positive brand image, since embarrassing scenarios leading to bad press could be avoided by maintaining a certain degree of civility and orderliness. All employees attending an event serving alcohol would be made aware of this policy and expected to conduct themselves in a socially acceptable manner. It should be duly noted that the following ten-point policy will followed in its en tirety by all employees under all circumstances at WEOC events.1) All WEOC events where alcohol is served shall be mandatorily required to use the services of a bartender certified through a state-recognized training program on responsible alcohol service. 2) All event attendees and other staff members with the exception of the certified bartender shall be prohibited from dispensing alcohol. 3) Underage drinkers will not be entertained and the bartender would have the authority to demand valid identification to authenticate one’s age (Grapevine Bar Catering 2007). 4) The bartender shall be given the authority to restrict the number of drinks served to all attendees to prevent alcohol intoxication.5) Bartenders will have the right to refuse serving certain drinks that can lead to quick and high levels of intoxication. 6) Any attendee of a WEOC event can be refused alcohol service at anytime if the bartender deems him/her unfit for consuming alcohol. 7) The bar shall be manned by the bartender at all times and alcohol containers shall remain behind the bar. 8) Attendees of the event shall not be allowed to carry alcohol out of the facility where the event is taking place. 9) The bartender shall stop serving drinks 30 minutes prior to the end of any WEOC event.10) Bartenders will be prohibited from accepting any form of tips, in order to avoid biased treatment. Reference: Grapevine Bar Catering. (2007). Alcohol Serving Policy. RossCo Innovations LLC. Retrieved 1August 2008, http://www. cateredsolution. com/servingPolicies. htm Retailers- Alcohol Service Policy. 2young2drink. Retrieved 1 August 2008, http://www. 2young2drink. com/retailers/alcohol_policy. asp RMIT University. (2001). RMIT – Health and Safety Manual. Retrieved 1 August 2008, http://mams. rmit. edu. au/9bxvxdqlamedz. pdf

Farewell: Friendship and Various School Activities Essay

We have gathered here today to bid farewell to the students of standard 10th. I am indeed honored to be given this opportunity to represent the students of standard 9th. Just when we start to get comfortable with a person, something comes to alter the recipe. In this context, I would like to mention that for the past few months, the students of standards 9th and 10th have indeed worked very closely together to organize various school activities which have helped us forge close ties of friendship. And now, before we know, its time to say ‘Adieu’. The Bible says â€Å"To everything there is a reason and a time to every purpose under heaven† You all have waited for this moment all your lives, the moment when you leave your childhood behind and step into the real competitive world to forge your own paths in life. We have counted down the years, the months, the hours, minutes and seconds, and finally, that moment has arrived. Most of you all will miss the very heart of your experience as a student; your friends and your teachers. Although all may be separated by time and distance in the interim, nothing will diminish the important role that you have and always will play in our lives. We wish you happy adventures, fantastic new friendships, amazing experiences and the journey of a lifetime. Richard Bach says, â€Å"Can miles truly separate you from friends and loved ones? If you want to be with someone†¦ aren’t you already there?† May the road rise up to meet you, May the wind be ever at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face and the rain fall softly on your fields. And until we meet again, may God hold you in the hollow of his hand.

Diddy - Dirty Money - Coming Home ft. Skylar Grey Essay

Diddy - Dirty Money - Coming Home ft. Skylar Grey - Essay Example It tells the story of a person who has made many mistakes in life and has under gone various difficulties in life, and at the end of the day, he realizes that he needs a fresh star to hi life. The person is thus left with the choice of going back home to rebuild his life and start all over a new. The song captures this troubled past of the singer when she sings, â€Å"Let the rain wash away all the pain of yesterday. I know my kingdom awaits and they have forgiven my mistakes.† This clearly brings out the major theme of the song as forgiveness and the need to move on after under going a turbulent period in ones life. The song also talks about repentance and the need to forgive past mistakes. This is illustrated in the song where the singer asks his children to forgive him for not being there for them when they needed him most. He asks them to forgive him as he acknowledges that he was wrong. He blames this on his fame and fortunes that have led him to develop an alternative personality that is expected of him as a superstar, and this leads him to forget of his role as a father and husband. This is illustrated in the song when he raps, â€Å"Its easy to be Puff, but its harder to be Sean. If the twins asked me why I did not marry their mom, how would I respond?† he thus acknowledges that a new day begins by a new dawn, and that it was time he returned home to his loved ones to make up for the lost time and the mistakes that he may have made when he was away. The singer thus recognizes that a house is not a home, and he thus chooses to go back to his family to create a home. The song is meant to give hope to someone who is depressed in alls situation he or she is going through. It gives encouragement to the suppressed and points out that help is coming so no should ever give in life. It also encourages people to overcome their problems and seek to become

Argue for Johnny F.Sale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Argue for Johnny F.Sale - Essay Example In order to claim his benefits, Sale should work hard to progress from an amateur level to professional level. As such Sale would take advantage of his pictures, jerseys, videos and other promotional items that would generate him individual revenue. Briefly, NCAA is a none-profit organization that generates its revenues from television contracts, game events and so forth. Research shows that, NCAA primary source of revenue is television contracts. For example, in fiscal year 2006 – 2007, television and marketing revenue accounted for approximately 81.9 percent of the NCAA’s total revenue. This statement indicates that NCAA receives a lot of money from revenue generated from selling of player’s pictures, jerseys and other promotional items. Though making a lot of profit, players are not shareholders or beneficially. NCAA incurs its expenses through its operation activities that include staff wages, events organization just to mention but a few. NCAA has set forth rules for protecting its revenue. However, this paper presents a case where an Amateur player â€Å"Johnny F. Sale† demands a share of the revenue generated from his pictures, jerseys that contain his name, videos and so forth. According to NCAA rules, Sale being an amateur does not qualify to enjoy any share or revenue generated by NCAA. Such privileges are for professional players. NCAA rule state that for a player to qualify to professional level, he needs to do two of the following: (1) Try playing for a professional team and one is responsible for his expenses. Contrary, for expenses in a period of up to 48 hours, one can receive a reimbursement. (2) One may also look for a job at a hockey school. The wages for teaching are not a violation of NCAA rules. The two rules simply mean a student is not a beneficiary of the revenue generated from promotional items bearing his name, picture or video clip. Sale felt that he had the potential to benefiting from revenue generated f rom the selling of his name, pictures and video clips on NCAA website despite being a student. As a result of restrictive NCAA law, the organization has faced numerous cases in court for not complying with a player grievance. Summary of Facts In fact, NCAA benefits from the players’ names, pictures, videos clips and other promotional items. On the other hand, players do not benefit, and NCAA has put in place rules that restrain the players from benefiting until they attain professional status. This clearly shows a violation of their right to earn a living from their sporting activities while still under training. As a result, Sale would like to sell his own pictures, name, video clips and likeness. However, as per the existing rules, should he choose to do so, he will be violating NCAA rules hence becomes ineligible to compete in intercollegiate athletics. His long-term focus is to continue playing under amateur level. Moreover, he was intending to benefit from pictures of hi s own and other promotional items that concern him. Sports being in the business industry like any other business should earn the participants income from the activities they carry out while in that industry. Therefore, there are Sports law set forth to provide policies for players, sponsors and training institutions. Policies that concern players are in three categories namely; amateur, professional and international sports policies. There is

Situation analysis and marketing objectives Assignment

Situation analysis and marketing objectives - Assignment Example TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 2 The following is situation and marketing objectives report aimed at establishing the marketing analysis for IPHONE products. It will provide an insight on the company’s external and internal environment. Additionally, it will seek to establish the SWOT analysis report for the company. The company recent developments are aimed at establishing the best marketing objectives, and it is crucial to find out which are in practice for the needed sustainability. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 1.0Introduction 4 2.0 Analysis of Current Marketing Situation 5 3.0 Situation analysis 6 3.1 The internal environment 6 3.2 The external environment 7 3.3 SWOT analysis 7 Marketing objectives 8 Conclusion 9 1.0 Introduction Marketing analysis is crucial in company valuation processes and provides a ground for new strategies implementation. The IPHONE product is a company whose dealings are propagated mainly on electronic devices. The company has a mission to become a global ent ity in terms of supplying advanced technological devices to other countries as well as quality management strategic implementation. The accomplishment of such a mission is guided by a set of reinstated objectives, which the company has always aspired to achieve. The main objective is to design modern technological tools, including personal computers and other social media devices. They also aspire to accomplish a manufacturing objective for the undersigned media tools. Marketing is also part of their desires, to develop the most modern marketing strategies that would boost their CRM (Customer Relationship Management). Conduction of marketing analysis enables an organization to identify their weak and strong areas. This acts as a guideline for future organizational trends in order to enhance sustainability. It is the desire of every top management in an organization to become the best in order to fit in the modern dynamic world. Situation analysis helps analyze the internal external status of an organization. It is also through this that strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are identified. Marketing objectives define the desired scope of organizational operation as well as organizational mission statements (Lamb et al., 263). The discussion in this paper offers a comprehensive report on marketing analysis for IPHONE product. Situational analysis will give an overview of internal and external environment in addition to SWOT analysis. Marketing objectives are also considered a vital area of discussion, since marketing plays a pivotal role in reaching target consumers. 2.0 Analysis of Current Marketing Situation The current marketing situation is characterized by dealership in a number of computer accessories as well as phone products. The recent times have seen IPHONE venture into innovating new products in the market, with the objective of enhancing its sustainability. The recent years have proved challenging to the company, owing to the rising leve l of competition from companies producing similar products. The recently innovated products include; Software programs that facilitate people purchasing and storing music in their internet provider devices. Additionally, they are major manufacturers of iMacs in addition to Mac Books and iPods. Generally, the company has been able to adopt new social communication devices that are aimed at providing their target customers with the needed information.